Knowledge, skills and behaviour
Because digital citizenship comprises knowledge, skills and behaviour, we coded to what extent interventions targeted these three competencies. 95% targeted knowledge, 58% targeted skills and only 16% directly targeted behaviour.
An intervention was coded as targeting behaviour only if behavioural change was directly implemented as part of the intervention. Interventions that merely informed about behaviour were coded as indirect; this was the case for 66% of the interventions. In the chart, Yes for behaviour therefore means directly targeting behavioural change.
Active and responsible participation
Active participation was stimulated when citizens learn to meaningfully engage in key life domains such as work or digital government via digital media, tools or technologies. This was encouraged by about half of the interventions (50%).
Responsible participation refers to an ethical use of digital media that reduces harm to oneself or others, for example by informing citizens about false information, online etiquette or protection against cybercrime. This was encouraged by the majority of interventions (81%).